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In this section, we will use Python's built-in open function to create a file object,

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and obtain the data from a "txt" file.

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We will use Python's open function to get a file object.

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We can apply a method to that object to read data from the file.

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We can open the file, Example1.txt, as follows.

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We use the open function.

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The first argument is the file path.

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This is made up of the file name,

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and the file directory.

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The second parameter is the mode.

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Common values used include 'r' for reading,

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'w' for writing, and 'a' for appending.

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We will use 'r' for reading.

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Finally, we have the file object.

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We can now use the file object to obtain information about the file.

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We can use the data attribute name to get the name of the file.

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The result is a string that contains the name of the file.

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We can see what mode the object is in using the data attribute mode,

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and 'r' is shown representing read.

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You should always close the file object using the method close.

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This may get tedious sometimes,

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so let's use the "with" statement.

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Using a "with" statement to open a file is

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better practice because it automatically closes the file.

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The code will run everything in the indent block,

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then closes the file.

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This code reads the file, Example1.txt.

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We can use the file object, "File1."

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The code will perform all operations in

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the indent block then close the file at the end of the indent.

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The method "read" stores the values of the file in the variable "file_stuff" as a string.

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You can print the file content.

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You can check if the file content is closed,

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but you cannot read from it outside the indent.

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But you can print the file content outside the indent as well.

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We can print the file content.

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We will see the following.

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When we examine the raw string,

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we will see the "
."

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This is so Python knows to start a new line.

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We can output every line as an element in a list using the method "readlines."

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The first line corresponds to the first element in the list.

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The second line corresponds to the second element in the list, and so on.

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We can use the method "readline" to read the first line of the file.

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If we run this command,

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it will store the first line in the variable "file_stuff" then print the first line.

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We can use the method "readline" twice.

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The first time it's called,

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it will save the first line in the variable "file_stuff," and then print the first line.

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The second time it's called,

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it will save the second line in the variable

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"file_stuff," and then print the second line.

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We can use a loop to print out each line individually as follows.

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Let's represent every character in a string as a grid.

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We can specify the number of characters we would like to read from

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the string as an argument to the method "readlines."

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When we use a four as an argument in the method

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"readlines," we print out the first four characters in the file.

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Each time we call the method,

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we will progress through the text.

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If we call a method with the arguments 16,

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the first 16 characters are printed out, and then the new line.

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If we call the method a second time,

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the next five characters are printed out.

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Finally, if we call the method the last time with the argument nine,

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the last nine characters are printed out.

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Check out the labs for more examples of methods and other file types.

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(Music)