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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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Listen to me, please.

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You're like me, a Homo sapiens.

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A wise human.

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Life, a miracle in the universe,

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appeared around
four billion years ago,

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and we humans
only 200,000 years ago.

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Yet we have succeeded
in disrupting the balance...

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that is so essential to life on Earth.

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Listen carefully to this
extraordinary story, which is yours,

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and decide what
you want to do with it.

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These are traces of our origins.

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At the beginning, our planet
was no more than a chaos of fire,

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formed in the wake
of its star, the sun.

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A cloud of agglutinated
dust particles,

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similar to so many
similar clusters in the universe.

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Yet this was where
the miracle of life occurred.

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Today, life- our life-

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is just a link in a chain of
innumerable living beings...

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that have succeeded one another
on Earth over nearly four billion years.

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And even today, new volcanoes
continue to sculpt our landscapes.

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They offer a glimpse of what
our Earth was like at its birth—

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molten rock surging from the depths,

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solidifying, cracking,

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blistering or spreading
in a thin crust,

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before falling dormant for a time.

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These wreaths of smoke curling
from the bowels of the Earth...

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bear witness to the Earth's
original atmosphere.

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An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.

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A dense atmosphere,
thick with water vapor,

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full of carbon dioxide.

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A furnace.

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But the Earth had an exceptional
future, offered to it by water.

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At the right distance from the sun—
not too far, not too near—

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the Earth was able to
conserve water in liquid form.

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Water vapor condensedand fell in
torrential downpours on Earth,

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and rivers appeared.

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The rivers shaped
the surface of the Earth,

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cutting their channels,

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furrowing out valleys.

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They ran toward the lowest places
on the globe to form the oceans.

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They tore minerals from the rocks,

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and gradually the freshwater
of the oceans...

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became heavy with salt.

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Water is a vital liquid.

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It irrigated these sterile expanses.

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The paths it traced
are like the veins of a body,

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the branches of a tree, the vessels
of the sap that it brought to the Earth.

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Nearly four billion years later,

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somewhere on Earth
can still be found these works of art,

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left by the volcanoes' ash, mixed
with water from Iceland's glaciers.

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There they are- matter and water,

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water and matter-

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soft and hard combined, the crucial alliance
shared by every life-form on our planet.

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Minerals and metals
are even older than the Earth.

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They are stardust.

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They provide the Earth's colors.

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Red from iron, black from carbon,

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blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.

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Where do we come from?

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Where did life first spark into being?

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A miracle of time,

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primitive life-forms still exist
in the globe's hot springs.

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They give them their colors.

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They're called archaeobacteria.

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They all feed off the Earth's heat-

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all except the cyanobacteria,
or blue-green algae.

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They alone have the capacity to turn
to the sun to capture its energy.

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They are a vital ancestor of all
yesterday's and today's plant species.

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These tiny bacteria...

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and their billions of descendants...

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changed the destiny of our planet.

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They transformed its atmosphere.

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What happened to the carbon
that poisoned the atmosphere?

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It's still here,
imprisoned in the Earth's crust.

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We can read this chapter
of the Earth's history...

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nowhere better than on the walls
of Colorado's Grand Canyon.

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They reveal nearly two billion years
of the Earth's history.

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Once upon a time, the Grand Canyon
was a sea inhabited by microorganisms.

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They grew their shells by tapping into
carbon from the atmosphere...

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dissolved in the ocean.

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When they died, the shells sank...

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and accumulated on the seabed.

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These strata are the product of those
billions and billions of shells.

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Thanks to them, the carbon
drained from the atmosphere,

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and other life-forms could develop.

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It is life that altered the atmosphere.

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Plant life fed off the sun's energy,

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which enabled it to break apart
the water molecule...

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and take the oxygen.

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And oxygen filled the air.

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The Earth's water cycle
is a process of constant renewal.

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Waterfalls, water vapor,

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clouds, rain, springs,

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rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.

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The cycle is never broken.

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There's always the same
quantity of water on Earth.

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All the successive species on Earth
have drunk the same water.

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The astonishing matter that is water.

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One of the most unstable of all.

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It takes a liquid form
as running water,

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gaseous as vapor...

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or solid as ice.

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In Siberia, the frozen surfaces
of the lakes in winter...

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contain the traces of the forces
that water deploys when it freezes.

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Lighter than water, the ice floats,

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rather than sinking to the bottom.

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It forms a protective mantle
against the cold,

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under which life can go on.

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The engine of life is linkage.

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Everything is linked.

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Nothing is self-sufficient.

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Water and air are inseparable,

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united in life
and for our life on Earth.

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Thus, clouds form over the oceans
and bring rain to the landmasses,

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whose rivers carry water
back to the oceans.

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Sharing is everything.

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The green expanse peeking through
the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air.

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Seventy percent of this gas, without
which our lungs cannot function,

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comes from the algae
that tint the surface of the oceans.

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Our Earth relies on a balance...

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in which every being
has a role to play...

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and exists only through
the existence of another being.

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A subtle, fragile harmony
that is easily shattered.

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Thus, corals are born
from the marriage of algae and shells.

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The Great Barrier Reef,
off the coast of Australia,

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stretches over
350,000 square kilometers...

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and is home to 1,500 species of fish,

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4,000 species of mollusks...

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and 400 species of coral.

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The equilibrium of every ocean
depends on these corals.

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The Earth counts time
in billions of years.

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It took more than four billion years
for it to make trees.

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In the chain of species,

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trees are a pinnacle,

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a perfect living sculpture.

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Trees defy gravity.

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They are the only natural element
in perpetual movement toward the sky.

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They grow unhurriedly toward the sun
that nourishes their foliage.

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They have inherited from those
minuscule cyanobacteria...

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the power to capture light's energy.

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They store it and feed off it,

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turning it into wood and leaves,

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which then decompose
into a mixture of water,

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mineral, vegetable and living matter.

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And so, gradually,

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the soils that are indispensable
to life are formed.

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Soils are the factory of biodiversity.

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They are a world
of incessant activity...

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where microorganisms feed,
dig, aerate and transform.

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They make the humus, the fertile layer
to which all life on land is linked.

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What do we know about life on Earth?

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How many species are we aware of?

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A 10th of them? A hundredth perhaps?

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What do we know about
the bonds that link them?

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The Earth is a miracle.

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Life remains a mystery.

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Families of animals form,

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united by customs and rituals
that survive today.

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Some adapt to the nature
of their pasture,

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and their pasture adapts to them.

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And both gain.

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The animal sates its hunger,
and the tree can blossom again.

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In the great adventure
of life on Earth,

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every species has a role to play,

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every species has its place.

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None is futile or harmful.

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They all balance out.

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And that's where you,

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Homo sapiens- "wise human"-

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enter the story.

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You benefit from a fabulous...

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four-billion-year-old legacy
bequeathed by the Earth.

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You're only 200,000 years old,

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but you have changed
the face of the world.

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Despite your vulnerability,

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you have taken possession
of every habitat...

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and conquered swaths of territory...

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like no other species before you.

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After 180,000 nomadic years,

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and thanks to a more clement climate,
humans settled down.

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They no longer depended on
hunting for survival.

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They chose to live
in wet environments...

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that abounded
in fish, game and wild plants.

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There, where land,
water and life combine.

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Human genius inspired them
to build canoes,

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an invention that
opened up new horizons...

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and turned humans into navigators.

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Even today,
the majority of humankind...

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lives on the continents' coastlines...

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or the banks of rivers and lakes.

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00:23:00,921 --> 00:23:05,842
The first towns grew up
less than 600 years ago.

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00:23:05,926 --> 00:23:09,721
It was a considerable leap
in human history.

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00:23:09,805 --> 00:23:14,893
Why towns ? Because they
allowed humans to defend themselves more easily.

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They became social beings,

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meeting and sharing
knowledge and crafts,

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blending their similarities
and differences.

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In a word, they became civilized.

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00:24:10,449 --> 00:24:14,661
But the only energy at their disposal
was provided by nature...

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and the strength of their bodies.

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It was the story of humankind
for thousands of years.

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It still is for one person in four-

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over one and a half billion
human beings-

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more than the combined
population of all the wealthy nations.

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Taking from the Earth
only the strictly necessary.

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For a long time, the relationship
between humans and the planet...

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was evenly balanced.

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00:24:57,580 --> 00:25:03,251
For a long time, the economy
seemed like a natural and equitable alliance.

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But life expectancy is short,
and hard labor takes its toll.

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00:25:23,606 --> 00:25:28,026
The uncertainties of nature
weigh on daily life.

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00:25:28,110 --> 00:25:31,654
Education is a rare privilege.

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00:25:31,739 --> 00:25:35,158
Children are a family's only asset,

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00:25:35,242 --> 00:25:37,493
as long as every
extra pair of hands...

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is a necessary contribution
to its subsistence.

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00:25:51,717 --> 00:25:55,220
The Earth feeds people,
clothes them...

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00:25:55,304 --> 00:25:57,222
and provides for their daily needs.

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00:25:57,306 --> 00:26:00,183
Everything comes from the Earth.

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00:26:08,317 --> 00:26:12,820
Towns change humanity's nature,
as well as its destiny.

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00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:16,658
The farmer becomes a craftsman,
trader or peddler.

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00:26:21,455 --> 00:26:27,252
What the Earth gives the farmer,
the city dweller buys, sells or barters.

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00:26:27,336 --> 00:26:29,545
Goods change hands,

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00:26:29,630 --> 00:26:31,631
along with ideas.

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00:26:46,981 --> 00:26:51,943
Humanity's genius is to have always
had a sense of its weakness.

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Humans tried to extend
the frontiers of their territory,

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00:26:55,572 --> 00:26:57,532
but they knew their limits.

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The physical energy and strength with which
nature had not endowed them...

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was found in the animals
they domesticated to serve them.

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00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:27,687
But how can you conquer
the world on an empty stomach?

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The invention of agriculture...

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transformed the future of the wild
animals scavenging for food...

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that were humankind.

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00:27:37,906 --> 00:27:41,993
Agriculture turned
their history on end.

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00:27:42,077 --> 00:27:46,080
Agriculture was
their first great revolution.

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00:27:46,165 --> 00:27:49,500
Developed barely
8,000 to 10,000 years ago,

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00:27:49,585 --> 00:27:52,420
it changed
their relationship to nature.

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00:27:59,762 --> 00:28:03,681
It brought an end to the uncertainty
of hunting and gathering.

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00:28:03,766 --> 00:28:06,768
It resulted in the first surpluses...

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00:28:06,852 --> 00:28:09,562
and gave birth to cities
and civilizations.

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00:28:15,027 --> 00:28:17,153
For their agriculture,

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00:28:17,237 --> 00:28:20,990
humans harnessed the energy
of animal species and plant life,

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00:28:21,075 --> 00:28:24,077
from which they at last
extracted the profits.

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00:28:24,161 --> 00:28:29,040
The memory of thousands of years
scrabbling for food faded.

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00:28:29,124 --> 00:28:32,502
They learned to adapt the grains
that are the yeast of life...

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00:28:32,586 --> 00:28:35,505
to different soils and climates.

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00:28:35,589 --> 00:28:40,510
They learned to increase the yield
and multiply the number of varieties.

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00:28:49,728 --> 00:28:51,771
Like every species on Earth,

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00:28:51,855 --> 00:28:54,899
the principal
daily concern of all humans...

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00:28:54,983 --> 00:28:58,861
is to feed themselves
and their family.

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When the soil is less generous
and water becomes scarce,

251
00:29:02,991 --> 00:29:07,912
humans deploy prodigious efforts
to mark a few arid acres...

252
00:29:07,996 --> 00:29:10,706
with the imprint of their labor.

253
00:29:29,017 --> 00:29:33,396
Humans shaped the land with the
patience and devotion that the Earth demands,

254
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:38,025
in an almost sacrificial ritual
performed over and over.

255
00:30:02,217 --> 00:30:07,013
Agriculture is still the world's
most widespread occupation.

256
00:30:07,097 --> 00:30:11,642
Half of humankind tills the soil,

257
00:30:11,727 --> 00:30:15,271
over three-quarters of them by hand.

258
00:30:15,355 --> 00:30:18,900
Agriculture is like
a tradition handed down...

259
00:30:18,984 --> 00:30:23,613
from generation to generation
in sweat, graft and toil,

260
00:30:23,697 --> 00:30:28,117
because for humanity it is
a prerequisite of survival.

261
00:30:28,285 --> 00:30:31,746
But after relying on
muscle power for so long,

262
00:30:31,830 --> 00:30:36,918
humankind found a way to tap into
the energy buried deep in the Earth.

263
00:30:40,672 --> 00:30:43,132
These flames are also from plants.

264
00:30:43,217 --> 00:30:45,134
A pocket of sunlight.

265
00:30:45,219 --> 00:30:47,929
Pure energy— the energy of the sun—

266
00:30:48,013 --> 00:30:51,307
captured over millions of years
by millions of plants...

267
00:30:51,391 --> 00:30:54,018
more than a hundred million years ago.

268
00:30:54,102 --> 00:30:56,771
It's coal. It's gas.

269
00:30:56,855 --> 00:30:59,524
And above all, it's oil.

270
00:31:29,096 --> 00:31:34,308
And this pocket of sunlight freed
humans from their toil on the land.

271
00:31:38,063 --> 00:31:43,859
With oil began the era of humans
who break free of the shackles of time.

272
00:31:43,944 --> 00:31:48,155
With oil, some of us acquired
unprecedented comforts.

273
00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:50,908
And in 50 years, in a single lifetime,

274
00:31:50,993 --> 00:31:53,286
the Earth has been
more radically changed...

275
00:31:53,370 --> 00:31:57,039
than by all previous
generations of humanity.

276
00:31:59,710 --> 00:32:01,627
Faster and faster.

277
00:32:01,712 --> 00:32:06,048
In the last 60 years, the Earth's
population has almost tripled,

278
00:32:06,133 --> 00:32:10,052
and over two billion people
have moved to the cities.

279
00:32:14,683 --> 00:32:17,184
Faster and faster.

280
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:21,522
Shenzhen, in China, with its hundreds
of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants,

281
00:32:21,607 --> 00:32:26,277
was just a small fishing village
barely 40 years ago.

282
00:32:30,532 --> 00:32:32,450
Faster and faster.

283
00:32:32,534 --> 00:32:35,953
In Shanghai,
3,000 towers and skyscrapers...

284
00:32:36,038 --> 00:32:38,748
have been built in 20 years.

285
00:32:38,832 --> 00:32:40,875
Hundreds more are under construction.

286
00:32:47,633 --> 00:32:53,512
Today, over half of the world's
seven billion inhabitants live in cities.

287
00:33:04,066 --> 00:33:07,568
New York.
The world's first megalopolis...

288
00:33:07,653 --> 00:33:10,488
is the symbol of the exploitation
of the energy...

289
00:33:10,572 --> 00:33:13,699
the Earth supplies to human genius.

290
00:33:13,784 --> 00:33:16,327
The manpower
of millions of immigrants,

291
00:33:16,411 --> 00:33:18,329
the energy of coal,

292
00:33:18,413 --> 00:33:21,540
the unbridled power of oil.

293
00:33:21,625 --> 00:33:24,377
Electricity resulted
in the invention of elevators,

294
00:33:24,461 --> 00:33:28,255
which in turn permitted
the invention of skyscrapers.

295
00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:32,968
New York ranks as the 16th-largest
economy in the world.

296
00:33:36,348 --> 00:33:41,060
America was the first
to discover, exploit and harness...

297
00:33:41,144 --> 00:33:44,980
the phenomenal revolutionary
power of black gold.

298
00:33:45,065 --> 00:33:47,441
With its help,

299
00:33:47,526 --> 00:33:52,363
a country of farmers became a
country of agricultural industrialists.

300
00:33:53,407 --> 00:33:55,574
Machines replaced men.

301
00:33:55,659 --> 00:33:58,494
A liter of oil generates
as much energy...

302
00:33:58,578 --> 00:34:02,206
as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours,

303
00:34:02,290 --> 00:34:07,670
but worldwide only three percent
of farmers have use of a tractor.

304
00:34:07,754 --> 00:34:12,466
Nonetheless, their output
dominates the planet.

305
00:34:12,551 --> 00:34:16,595
In the United States,
only three million farmers are left.

306
00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:21,142
They produce enough grain
to feed two billion people.

307
00:34:26,815 --> 00:34:29,358
But most of that grain
is not used to feed people.

308
00:34:29,443 --> 00:34:33,154
Here, and in all other
industrialized nations,

309
00:34:33,238 --> 00:34:37,533
it's transformed
into livestock feed or biofuels.

310
00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:47,293
The pocket of sunshine's energy...

311
00:34:47,377 --> 00:34:51,797
chased away the specter of drought
that stalked farmland.

312
00:34:51,882 --> 00:34:55,050
No spring escapes
the demands of agriculture,

313
00:34:55,135 --> 00:34:59,388
which accounts for
70% of humanity's water consumption.

314
00:35:03,143 --> 00:35:06,437
In nature, everything is linked.

315
00:35:06,521 --> 00:35:09,815
The expansion of cultivated land
and single-crop farming...

316
00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:12,860
encouraged the development
of parasites.

317
00:35:12,944 --> 00:35:17,156
Pesticides, another gift of
the petrochemical revolution,

318
00:35:17,240 --> 00:35:19,450
exterminated them.

319
00:35:19,534 --> 00:35:24,205
Bad harvests and famine
became a distant memory.

320
00:35:24,289 --> 00:35:26,207
The biggest headache now...

321
00:35:26,291 --> 00:35:30,419
was what to do with the surpluses
engendered by modern agriculture.

322
00:35:41,890 --> 00:35:45,226
But toxic pesticides
seeped into the air,

323
00:35:45,310 --> 00:35:48,813
soil, plants, animals,
rivers and oceans.

324
00:35:48,897 --> 00:35:51,273
They penetrated the heart of cells...

325
00:35:51,358 --> 00:35:56,487
similar to the mother cell
that is shared by all forms of life.

326
00:35:56,571 --> 00:36:00,074
Are they harmful to the humans
that they released from hunger?

327
00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:03,994
These farmers,
in their yellow protective suits,

328
00:36:04,079 --> 00:36:06,288
probably have a good idea.

329
00:36:21,429 --> 00:36:26,141
The new agriculture abolished
the dependence on soils and seasons.

330
00:36:31,273 --> 00:36:33,983
Fertilizers produced
unprecedented results...

331
00:36:34,067 --> 00:36:37,653
on plots of land thus far ignored.

332
00:36:37,737 --> 00:36:40,573
Crops adapted to soils and climates...

333
00:36:40,657 --> 00:36:45,286
gave way to the most productive
varieties and the easiest to transport.

334
00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:47,371
And so, in the last century,

335
00:36:47,455 --> 00:36:52,376
three-quarters of the varieties developed
by farmers over thousands of years...

336
00:36:52,460 --> 00:36:55,713
have been wiped out.

337
00:36:55,797 --> 00:37:00,509
As far as the eye can see,
fertilizer below, plastic on top.

338
00:37:00,594 --> 00:37:03,470
The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain...

339
00:37:03,555 --> 00:37:05,681
are Europe's vegetable garden.

340
00:37:05,765 --> 00:37:08,726
A city of uniformly sized
vegetables...

341
00:37:08,810 --> 00:37:11,729
waits every day
for the hundreds of trucks...

342
00:37:11,813 --> 00:37:14,815
that will take them
to the continent's supermarkets.

343
00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:18,068
The more a country develops,

344
00:37:18,153 --> 00:37:21,238
the more meat its inhabitants consume.

345
00:37:21,323 --> 00:37:24,575
How can growing worldwide
demand be satisfied...

346
00:37:24,659 --> 00:37:28,746
without recourse to concentration
camp-style cattle farms?

347
00:37:28,830 --> 00:37:30,748
Faster and faster.

348
00:37:30,832 --> 00:37:34,251
Like the life cycle of livestock
which may never see a meadow,

349
00:37:34,336 --> 00:37:39,298
manufacturing meat faster than
the animal has become a daily routine.

350
00:37:49,684 --> 00:37:53,729
In these vast food lots,
trampled by millions of cattle,

351
00:37:53,813 --> 00:37:56,023
not a blade of grass grows.

352
00:37:57,275 --> 00:37:59,818
A fleet of trucks from
every corner of the country...

353
00:37:59,903 --> 00:38:02,696
brings in tons of grain, soy meal...

354
00:38:02,781 --> 00:38:07,534
and protein-rich granules
that will become tons of meat.

355
00:38:07,619 --> 00:38:11,330
The result is that it takes
100 liters of water...

356
00:38:11,414 --> 00:38:14,333
to produce one kilogram of potatoes,

357
00:38:14,417 --> 00:38:17,544
4,000 for one kilo of rice...

358
00:38:17,629 --> 00:38:21,882
and 13,000 for one kilo of beef.

359
00:38:21,967 --> 00:38:25,886
Not to mention the oil guzzled in the
production process and transport.

360
00:38:35,522 --> 00:38:38,983
Our agriculture
has become oil-powered.

361
00:38:39,067 --> 00:38:41,694
It feeds twice as many
humans on Earth...

362
00:38:41,778 --> 00:38:46,657
but has replaced diversity
with standardization.

363
00:38:46,741 --> 00:38:50,327
It has offered many of us
comforts we could only dream of,

364
00:38:50,412 --> 00:38:54,873
but it makes our way of life
totally dependent on oil.

365
00:38:56,918 --> 00:39:00,379
This is the new measure of time.

366
00:39:00,463 --> 00:39:03,090
Our world's clock
now beats to the rhythm...

367
00:39:03,174 --> 00:39:05,134
of these indefatigable machines...

368
00:39:05,218 --> 00:39:08,637
tapping into the pocket of sunlight.

369
00:39:08,722 --> 00:39:11,682
Their regularity reassures us.

370
00:39:11,766 --> 00:39:15,602
The tiniest hiccup
throws us into disarray.

371
00:39:15,687 --> 00:39:19,273
The whole planet is attentive
to these metronomes...

372
00:39:19,357 --> 00:39:22,860
of our hopes and illusions.

373
00:39:22,944 --> 00:39:26,989
The same hopes and illusions
that proliferate along with our needs,

374
00:39:27,073 --> 00:39:30,868
increasingly insatiable desires
and profligacy.

375
00:39:30,952 --> 00:39:33,996
We know that the end
of cheap oil is imminent,

376
00:39:34,080 --> 00:39:36,290
but we refuse to believe it.

377
00:39:41,546 --> 00:39:46,967
For many of us, the American dream
is embodied by a legendary name:

378
00:39:47,052 --> 00:39:50,054
Los Angeles.

379
00:39:50,138 --> 00:39:53,390
In this city that stretches
over 100 kilometers,

380
00:39:53,475 --> 00:39:57,811
the number of cars is almost
equal to the number of inhabitants.

381
00:40:09,908 --> 00:40:13,327
Here, energy puts on
a fantastic show every night.

382
00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:50,906
The days seem to be no more
than the pale reflection of nights...

383
00:40:50,990 --> 00:40:53,951
that turn the city into a starry sky.

384
00:40:57,247 --> 00:40:59,832
Faster and faster.

385
00:40:59,916 --> 00:41:03,961
Distances are no longer counted
in miles but in minutes.

386
00:41:04,045 --> 00:41:07,965
The automobile shapes new suburbs
where every home is a castle,

387
00:41:08,049 --> 00:41:11,468
a safe distance from
the asphyxiated city centers,

388
00:41:11,553 --> 00:41:15,389
and where neat rows of houses
huddle round dead-end streets.

389
00:41:16,432 --> 00:41:18,767
The model of a lucky few countries...

390
00:41:18,852 --> 00:41:20,811
has become a universal dream,

391
00:41:20,895 --> 00:41:24,314
preached by televisions
all over the world.

392
00:41:28,153 --> 00:41:30,654
Even here in Beijing,

393
00:41:30,738 --> 00:41:33,365
it is cloned, copied and reproduced...

394
00:41:33,449 --> 00:41:38,412
in these formatted houses
that have wiped pagodas off the map.

395
00:41:50,925 --> 00:41:56,180
The automobile has become
the symbol of comfort and progress.

396
00:41:57,932 --> 00:42:00,726
If this model were followed
by every society,

397
00:42:00,810 --> 00:42:05,522
the planet wouldn't have 900 million
vehicles, as it does today,

398
00:42:05,607 --> 00:42:07,983
but five billion.

399
00:42:15,408 --> 00:42:17,326
Faster and faster.

400
00:42:17,410 --> 00:42:21,538
The more the world develops,
the greater its thirst for energy.

401
00:42:21,623 --> 00:42:26,251
Everywhere, machines dig,
bore and rip from the Earth...

402
00:42:26,336 --> 00:42:30,464
the pieces of stars buried in
its depths since its creation:

403
00:42:30,548 --> 00:42:32,549
minerals.

404
00:42:56,032 --> 00:43:00,244
In the next 20 years, more ore
will be extracted from the Earth...

405
00:43:00,328 --> 00:43:03,330
than in the whole
of humanity's history.

406
00:43:04,457 --> 00:43:06,625
As a privilege of power,

407
00:43:06,709 --> 00:43:08,961
80% of this mineral wealth...

408
00:43:09,045 --> 00:43:13,423
is consumed by 20%
of the world's population.

409
00:43:31,693 --> 00:43:33,860
Before the end of this century,

410
00:43:33,945 --> 00:43:38,657
excessive mining will have exhausted
nearly all the planet's reserves.

411
00:43:48,418 --> 00:43:50,460
Faster and faster.

412
00:43:50,545 --> 00:43:52,879
Shipyards churn out oil tankers,

413
00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:55,132
container ships and gas tankers...

414
00:43:55,216 --> 00:43:59,219
to cater for the demands
of globalized industrial production.

415
00:44:03,808 --> 00:44:06,893
Most consumer goods travel
thousands of kilometers...

416
00:44:06,978 --> 00:44:11,565
from the country of production
to the country of consumption.

417
00:44:11,649 --> 00:44:14,985
Since 1950,
the volume of international trade...

418
00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:17,863
has increased 20 times over.

419
00:44:28,374 --> 00:44:32,002
Ninety percent of trade goes by sea.

420
00:44:32,086 --> 00:44:37,424
500 million containers
are transported every year,

421
00:44:37,508 --> 00:44:40,510
headed for the world's
major hubs of consumption,

422
00:44:40,595 --> 00:44:42,596
such as Dubai.

423
00:44:44,057 --> 00:44:48,268
Dubai is one of the biggest
construction sites in the world—

424
00:44:48,353 --> 00:44:51,605
a country where the impossible
becomes possible.

425
00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:55,067
Building artificial islands
in the sea, for example.

426
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:27,766
Dubai has few natural resources,

427
00:45:27,850 --> 00:45:31,978
but with the money from oil, it can bring
millions of tons of material and people...

428
00:45:32,063 --> 00:45:33,980
from all over the world.

429
00:45:34,065 --> 00:45:38,360
It can build forests of skyscrapers,
each one taller than the last,

430
00:45:38,444 --> 00:45:41,530
or even a ski slope
in the middle of the desert.

431
00:45:41,614 --> 00:45:46,118
Dubai has no farmland,
but it can import food.

432
00:45:46,202 --> 00:45:48,120
Dubai has no water,

433
00:45:48,204 --> 00:45:51,248
but it can afford to expend
immense amounts of energy...

434
00:45:51,332 --> 00:45:56,169
to desalinate seawater and build
the highest skyscrapers in the world.

435
00:45:56,254 --> 00:46:00,632
Dubai has endless sun
but no solar panels.

436
00:46:00,716 --> 00:46:03,635
It is the city of more is more,

437
00:46:03,719 --> 00:46:06,263
where the wildest dreams
become reality.

438
00:46:06,347 --> 00:46:09,683
Dubai is a sort of culmination
of the Western model,

439
00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:13,395
with its 800-meter high totem
to total modernity...

440
00:46:13,479 --> 00:46:16,189
that never fails to amaze the world.

441
00:46:16,274 --> 00:46:19,484
Excessive? Perhaps.

442
00:46:19,569 --> 00:46:22,404
Dubai appears to have made its choice.

443
00:46:22,488 --> 00:46:25,490
It is like the new beacon
for all the world's money.

444
00:46:38,463 --> 00:46:41,631
Nothing seems further removed
from nature than Dubai,

445
00:46:41,716 --> 00:46:45,719
although nothing depends
on nature more than Dubai.

446
00:46:47,555 --> 00:46:51,057
The city merely follows
the model of wealthy nations.

447
00:46:51,142 --> 00:46:55,437
We haven't understood that we're
depleting what nature provides.

448
00:47:40,316 --> 00:47:44,361
What do we know of the marine world,
of which we see only the surface,

449
00:47:44,445 --> 00:47:47,948
and which covers
three-quarters of the planet?

450
00:47:48,032 --> 00:47:50,742
The ocean depths remain a secret.

451
00:47:50,826 --> 00:47:55,956
They contain thousands of species
whose existence remains a mystery to us.

452
00:48:11,264 --> 00:48:16,184
Since 1950, fishing catches
have increased fivefold,

453
00:48:16,269 --> 00:48:20,981
from 18 to 100 million
metric tons a year.

454
00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:24,985
Thousands of factory ships
are emptying the oceans.

455
00:48:33,494 --> 00:48:36,413
Three-quarters
of fishing grounds are exhausted,

456
00:48:36,497 --> 00:48:39,624
depleted or in danger of being so.

457
00:49:19,332 --> 00:49:22,459
Most large fish have been
fished out of existence,

458
00:49:22,543 --> 00:49:25,587
since they have no time to reproduce.

459
00:49:25,671 --> 00:49:29,883
We are destroying the cycle of a life
that was given to us.

460
00:49:40,561 --> 00:49:45,899
On the coastlines, signs of the
exhaustion of stocks abound.

461
00:49:45,983 --> 00:49:49,944
First sign: Colonies of sea mammals
are getting smaller.

462
00:49:50,029 --> 00:49:53,823
Made vulnerable by urbanization
of the coasts and pollution,

463
00:49:53,908 --> 00:49:57,077
they now face a new threat: famine.

464
00:49:57,161 --> 00:50:00,664
In their unequal battle
against industrial fishing fleets,

465
00:50:00,748 --> 00:50:03,750
they can't find enough fish
to feed their young.

466
00:50:12,760 --> 00:50:14,719
Second sign:

467
00:50:14,804 --> 00:50:18,848
Seabirds must fly ever greater
distances to find food.

468
00:50:18,933 --> 00:50:24,771
At the current rate, all fish stocks
are threatened with exhaustion.

469
00:50:36,534 --> 00:50:40,704
In Dakar, traditional net fishing
boomed in the years of plenty,

470
00:50:40,788 --> 00:50:43,832
but today, fish stocks are dwindling.

471
00:51:03,728 --> 00:51:07,897
Fish is the staple diet
of one in five humans.

472
00:51:34,425 --> 00:51:38,136
Can we envision the inconceivable?

473
00:51:38,220 --> 00:51:40,388
Abandoned boats,

474
00:51:40,473 --> 00:51:42,557
seas devoid offish?

475
00:52:07,500 --> 00:52:11,377
We have forgotten
that resources are scarce.

476
00:52:11,462 --> 00:52:15,298
500 million humans live
in the world's desert lands,

477
00:52:15,382 --> 00:52:17,967
more than the combined
population of Europe.

478
00:52:18,052 --> 00:52:20,970
They know the value of water.

479
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:23,431
They know how to use it sparingly.

480
00:52:23,516 --> 00:52:27,393
Here, they depend on wells
replenished by fossil water,

481
00:52:27,478 --> 00:52:31,981
which accumulated underground in the days
when it rained on these deserts,

482
00:52:32,066 --> 00:52:34,567
25,000 years ago.

483
00:52:41,367 --> 00:52:44,994
Fossil water also enables crops
to be grown in the desert...

484
00:52:45,079 --> 00:52:47,831
to provide food for local populations.

485
00:52:47,915 --> 00:52:49,916
The fields' circular shape...

486
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:54,420
derives from the pipes that
irrigate them around a central pivot.

487
00:53:08,769 --> 00:53:12,230
But there is a heavy price to pay.

488
00:53:12,314 --> 00:53:15,984
Fossil water
is a nonrenewable resource.

489
00:53:23,784 --> 00:53:29,122
In Saudi Arabia, the dream of
industrial farming in the desert has faded.

490
00:53:29,206 --> 00:53:31,249
As if on a parchment map,

491
00:53:31,333 --> 00:53:35,628
the light spots on this patchwork
show abandoned plots.

492
00:53:35,713 --> 00:53:38,339
The irrigation equipment
is still there.

493
00:53:38,424 --> 00:53:40,717
The energy to pump water also.

494
00:53:40,801 --> 00:53:44,804
But the fossil water reserves
are severely depleted.

495
00:53:57,318 --> 00:54:00,778
Israel turned the desert
into arable land.

496
00:54:00,863 --> 00:54:04,532
Even though these hothouses
are now irrigated drop by drop,

497
00:54:04,617 --> 00:54:08,786
water consumption continues
to increase along with exports.

498
00:54:16,712 --> 00:54:20,423
The once mighty river Jordan
is now just a trickle.

499
00:54:20,507 --> 00:54:23,551
Its water has flown to supermarkets
all over the world...

500
00:54:23,636 --> 00:54:26,346
in crates of fruit and vegetables.

501
00:55:01,382 --> 00:55:03,591
The Jordan's fate is not unique.

502
00:55:03,676 --> 00:55:07,387
Across the planet,
one major river in 10...

503
00:55:07,471 --> 00:55:11,349
no longer flows into the sea
for several months of the year.

504
00:55:22,611 --> 00:55:26,322
The Dead Sea derives its name
from its incredibly high salinity...

505
00:55:26,407 --> 00:55:28,574
that makes all life impossible.

506
00:55:28,659 --> 00:55:30,952
Deprived of the Jordan's water,

507
00:55:31,036 --> 00:55:34,372
its level goes down
by over one meter per year.

508
00:55:34,456 --> 00:55:37,083
Its salinity is increasing.

509
00:55:37,167 --> 00:55:39,168
Evaporation, due to the heat,

510
00:55:39,253 --> 00:55:42,338
produces these fine islands
of salt evaporites-

511
00:55:42,423 --> 00:55:44,424
beautiful but sterile.

512
00:56:08,407 --> 00:56:13,077
In Rajasthan, India,
Udaipur is a miracle of water.

513
00:56:13,162 --> 00:56:17,081
The city was made possible
by a system of dams and channels...

514
00:56:17,166 --> 00:56:19,417
that created an artificial lake.

515
00:56:20,627 --> 00:56:23,671
For its architects,
was water so precious...

516
00:56:23,756 --> 00:56:26,299
that they dedicated a palace to it?

517
00:56:51,825 --> 00:56:54,494
India risks being the country
that suffers most...

518
00:56:54,578 --> 00:56:57,663
from the lack of water
in the coming century.

519
00:56:57,748 --> 00:57:01,459
Massive irrigation
has fed the growing population,

520
00:57:01,543 --> 00:57:07,423
and in the last 50 years,
21 million wells have been dug.

521
00:57:07,508 --> 00:57:10,802
The victory over famine
has a downside, however.

522
00:57:10,886 --> 00:57:16,474
In many parts of the country, the drill
has to sink ever deeper to hit water.

523
00:57:16,558 --> 00:57:19,018
In western India,

524
00:57:19,103 --> 00:57:21,687
30% of wells have been abandoned.

525
00:57:27,486 --> 00:57:30,696
The underground
aquifers are drying out.

526
00:57:50,968 --> 00:57:55,763
Vast reservoirs will catch the
monsoon rains to replenish the aquifers.

527
00:58:00,602 --> 00:58:05,481
In dry season, women from
local villages dig them with their bare hands.

528
00:58:29,923 --> 00:58:32,008
Thousands of kilometers away,

529
00:58:32,092 --> 00:58:34,010
800 to 1,000 liters of water...

530
00:58:34,094 --> 00:58:38,181
are consumed per person per day.

531
00:58:38,265 --> 00:58:41,225
Las Vegas was built out of the desert.

532
00:58:41,310 --> 00:58:43,769
Millions of people live there.

533
00:58:43,854 --> 00:58:46,689
Thousands more arrive every month.

534
00:58:46,773 --> 00:58:52,195
The inhabitants of Las Vegas are among
the biggest consumers of water in the world.

535
00:58:58,118 --> 00:59:00,036
Palm Springs is another desert city...

536
00:59:00,120 --> 00:59:03,581
with tropical vegetation
and lush golf courses.

537
00:59:21,350 --> 00:59:24,644
How long can this mirage
continue to prosper?

538
00:59:32,152 --> 00:59:34,737
The Earth cannot keep up.

539
00:59:34,821 --> 00:59:38,199
The Colorado River,
which brings water to these cities,

540
00:59:38,283 --> 00:59:41,452
is one of those rivers
that no longer reaches the sea.

541
00:59:41,536 --> 00:59:43,996
Even more alarmingly,

542
00:59:44,081 --> 00:59:47,291
its flow is diminishing at source.

543
00:59:47,376 --> 00:59:51,170
Water levels in the catchment lakes
along its course...

544
00:59:51,255 --> 00:59:54,131
are plummeting.

545
00:59:54,216 --> 00:59:58,552
Lake Powell took 17 years
to reach high-water mark.

546
00:59:58,637 --> 01:00:01,889
Its level is now half of that.

547
01:00:03,267 --> 01:00:06,435
Water shortages could affect
nearly two billion people...

548
01:00:06,520 --> 01:00:08,521
before 2025.

549
01:00:10,357 --> 01:00:13,859
Yet water is still abundant
in unspoiled regions of the planet.

550
01:00:17,364 --> 01:00:19,282
The wetlands.

551
01:00:29,543 --> 01:00:34,297
These wetlands are crucial
to all life on Earth.

552
01:00:34,381 --> 01:00:37,383
They represent
six percent of the planet.

553
01:00:39,886 --> 01:00:43,681
Marshes are sponges
that regulate the flow of water.

554
01:00:46,393 --> 01:00:48,477
They absorb it in the wet season...

555
01:00:48,562 --> 01:00:51,272
and release it in the dry season.

556
01:01:06,246 --> 01:01:08,581
The water runs off the mountain peaks,

557
01:01:08,665 --> 01:01:12,668
carrying with it the seeds
of the regions it flows through.

558
01:01:12,753 --> 01:01:15,588
This process gives birth
to unique landscapes,

559
01:01:15,672 --> 01:01:20,009
where the diversity of species
is unequaled in its richness.

560
01:01:24,598 --> 01:01:28,184
Under the calm water
lies a veritable factory...

561
01:01:28,268 --> 01:01:31,437
where this ultimately linked
richness and diversity...

562
01:01:31,521 --> 01:01:36,067
patiently filters the water
and digests all the pollution.

563
01:01:36,151 --> 01:01:38,486
Marshes are
indispensable environments...

564
01:01:38,570 --> 01:01:42,531
for the regeneration
and purification of water.

565
01:01:55,212 --> 01:01:59,215
These wetlands were always seen
as unhealthy expanses,

566
01:01:59,299 --> 01:02:02,093
unfit for human habitation.

567
01:02:02,177 --> 01:02:04,387
In our race to conquer more land,

568
01:02:04,471 --> 01:02:08,057
we have reclaimed them
as pasture for our livestock,

569
01:02:08,141 --> 01:02:11,894
or as land for agriculture
or building.

570
01:02:31,540 --> 01:02:37,044
In the last century, half of the
world's marshes were drained.

571
01:02:37,129 --> 01:02:41,549
We know neither their richness
nor their role.

572
01:02:46,680 --> 01:02:48,764
All living matter is linked.

573
01:02:51,518 --> 01:02:56,272
Water, air, soil, trees.

574
01:02:56,356 --> 01:03:00,192
The world's magic
is right in front of our eyes.

575
01:03:34,227 --> 01:03:38,772
Trees breathe groundwater
into the atmosphere as light mist.

576
01:03:38,857 --> 01:03:42,443
They form a canopy that alleviates
the impact of heavy rains...

577
01:03:42,527 --> 01:03:45,362
and protects the soil from erosion.

578
01:03:48,867 --> 01:03:52,703
The forests provide the humidity
that is necessary for life.

579
01:03:52,787 --> 01:03:56,832
They are the mother
and father of rain.

580
01:04:00,545 --> 01:04:03,839
The forests store carbon.

581
01:04:03,924 --> 01:04:07,551
They contain more than
all the Earth's atmosphere.

582
01:04:07,636 --> 01:04:10,513
They are the cornerstone
of the climatic balance...

583
01:04:10,597 --> 01:04:14,350
on which we all depend.

584
01:04:21,983 --> 01:04:27,363
Trees provide a habitat for three-quarters
of the planet's biodiversity—

585
01:04:27,447 --> 01:04:31,534
that is to say, of all life on Earth.

586
01:04:31,618 --> 01:04:36,872
Every year, we discover new species
we had no idea existed—

587
01:04:36,957 --> 01:04:40,167
insects, birds, mammals.

588
01:05:12,492 --> 01:05:16,245
These forests provide
the remedies that cure us.

589
01:05:16,329 --> 01:05:18,747
The substances secreted
by these plants...

590
01:05:18,832 --> 01:05:21,417
can be recognized by our bodies.

591
01:05:21,501 --> 01:05:24,253
Our cells talk the same language.

592
01:05:24,337 --> 01:05:27,464
We are of the same family.

593
01:05:51,197 --> 01:05:55,075
Mangroves are forests
that step out onto the sea.

594
01:05:55,160 --> 01:05:59,204
Like coral reefs,
they are a nursery for the oceans.

595
01:05:59,289 --> 01:06:02,499
Their roots entwine
and form a shelter for the fish...

596
01:06:02,584 --> 01:06:05,544
and mollusks that come to breed.

597
01:06:05,629 --> 01:06:08,047
Mangroves protect the coasts
from hurricanes,

598
01:06:08,131 --> 01:06:10,883
tidal waves and erosion by the sea.

599
01:06:10,967 --> 01:06:13,719
Whole peoples depend on them.

600
01:06:13,803 --> 01:06:19,099
Yet, they were reduced by half
during the 20th century.

601
01:06:22,812 --> 01:06:25,731
One of the reasons
for the ongoing disaster...

602
01:06:25,815 --> 01:06:30,152
is these shrimp farms installed
on the mangroves' rich waters.

603
01:06:30,236 --> 01:06:33,864
Ventilators aerate pools
full of antibiotics...

604
01:06:33,948 --> 01:06:36,575
to prevent the asphyxiation
of the shrimps,

605
01:06:36,660 --> 01:06:38,994
not that of the mangroves.

606
01:06:44,334 --> 01:06:50,005
Since the 1960s, deforestation
has constantly gathered pace.

607
01:06:50,090 --> 01:06:54,259
Every year, 13 million hectares
of tropical forest-

608
01:06:54,344 --> 01:06:56,595
an area the size of Illinois-

609
01:06:56,680 --> 01:07:00,265
disappear in smoke and as lumber.

610
01:07:07,941 --> 01:07:11,193
The world's largest rain forest,
the Amazon,

611
01:07:11,277 --> 01:07:14,655
has already been reduced by 20%.

612
01:07:14,739 --> 01:07:18,867
The forest gives way
to cattle ranches or soybean farms.

613
01:07:18,952 --> 01:07:21,120
Ninety-five percent
of these soybeans...

614
01:07:21,204 --> 01:07:26,125
are used to feed livestock
and poultry in Europe and Asia.

615
01:07:35,468 --> 01:07:39,930
And so, a forest is turned into meat.

616
01:07:47,981 --> 01:07:50,524
When they burn,
forests and their soils...

617
01:07:50,608 --> 01:07:52,901
release huge quantities of carbon,

618
01:07:52,986 --> 01:07:58,574
accounting for 20% of the
greenhouse gases emitted across the globe.

619
01:07:58,658 --> 01:08:03,078
Deforestation is one of the principal
causes of global warming.

620
01:08:13,798 --> 01:08:17,718
Thousands of species
disappear forever.

621
01:08:17,802 --> 01:08:22,973
With them, one of the links
in a long chain of evolution snaps.

622
01:08:23,057 --> 01:08:26,393
The intelligence of the living matter
from which they came...

623
01:08:26,478 --> 01:08:28,479
is lost forever.

624
01:08:44,412 --> 01:08:48,582
Barely 20 years ago, Borneo,
the fourth-largest island in the world,

625
01:08:48,666 --> 01:08:52,169
was covered by a vast primary forest.

626
01:08:52,253 --> 01:08:54,671
At the current rate of deforestation,

627
01:08:54,756 --> 01:08:58,217
it will have totally
disappeared within 10 years.

628
01:08:58,301 --> 01:09:04,139
Living matter bonds water,
air, earth and the sun.

629
01:09:04,224 --> 01:09:07,059
In Borneo,
this bond has been broken...

630
01:09:07,143 --> 01:09:11,438
in what was one of the Earth's
greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.

631
01:09:26,579 --> 01:09:29,164
This catastrophe was
provoked by the decision...

632
01:09:29,249 --> 01:09:31,291
to produce palm oil,

633
01:09:31,376 --> 01:09:35,003
the most consumed oil
in the world, on Borneo.

634
01:09:35,088 --> 01:09:39,216
Palm oil not only caters
to our growing demand for food,

635
01:09:39,300 --> 01:09:44,763
but also cosmetics, detergents
and, increasingly, alternative fuels.

636
01:09:48,768 --> 01:09:53,897
The forest diversity was replaced
by a single species- the oil palm.

637
01:09:53,982 --> 01:09:57,860
Mono culture is easy,
productive and rapid.

638
01:09:57,944 --> 01:10:00,904
For local people,
it provides employment.

639
01:10:00,989 --> 01:10:03,448
It is an agricultural industry.

640
01:10:12,458 --> 01:10:16,920
Another example of massive
deforestation is the eucalyptus.

641
01:10:17,005 --> 01:10:19,756
Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp.

642
01:10:19,841 --> 01:10:25,512
Plantations are growing, as demand
for paper has increased fivefold in 50 years.

643
01:10:31,477 --> 01:10:36,106
Mono cultures of trees
are gaining ground all over the world.

644
01:10:36,190 --> 01:10:39,860
But a monoculture is not a forest.

645
01:10:39,944 --> 01:10:44,031
By definition,
there is little diversity.

646
01:10:44,115 --> 01:10:48,076
One forest does not
replace another forest.

647
01:10:48,161 --> 01:10:50,078
At the foot of these eucalyptus trees,

648
01:10:50,163 --> 01:10:53,790
nothing grows,
because their leaves form a bed...

649
01:10:53,875 --> 01:10:56,793
that is toxic for most other plants.

650
01:10:56,878 --> 01:11:01,340
They grow quickly,
but exhaust water reserves.

651
01:11:17,106 --> 01:11:21,526
Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees-

652
01:11:21,611 --> 01:11:26,823
Deforestation destroys the essential
to produce the superfluous.

653
01:11:26,908 --> 01:11:31,370
But elsewhere, deforestation
is a last resort to survive.

654
01:11:36,250 --> 01:11:38,627
Over two billion people-

655
01:11:38,711 --> 01:11:41,630
almost a third
of the world's population—

656
01:11:41,714 --> 01:11:43,632
still depend on charcoal.

657
01:11:55,228 --> 01:11:59,022
In Haiti, one of the world's
poorest countries,

658
01:11:59,107 --> 01:12:03,485
charcoal is one of
the population's main consumables.

659
01:12:03,569 --> 01:12:06,530
Once the pearl of the Caribbean,

660
01:12:06,614 --> 01:12:10,158
Haiti can no longer feed
its population without foreign aid.

661
01:12:24,340 --> 01:12:28,844
On the hills of Haiti, only
two percent of the forests are left.

662
01:12:28,928 --> 01:12:32,931
Stripped bare, the soil
no longer absorbs the rainwater.

663
01:12:33,016 --> 01:12:36,518
With no vegetation
and no roots to reinforce them,

664
01:12:36,602 --> 01:12:39,271
nothing holds the soils back.

665
01:12:39,355 --> 01:12:43,608
The rainwater washes them
down the hillsides as far as the sea.

666
01:12:43,693 --> 01:12:46,903
Erosion impoverishes
the quality of the soils,

667
01:12:46,988 --> 01:12:49,990
reducing their suitability
for agriculture.

668
01:12:52,368 --> 01:12:57,122
In some parts of Madagascar,
the erosion is spectacular.

669
01:12:57,206 --> 01:13:01,668
Whole hillsides bear deep gashes
hundreds of meters wide.

670
01:13:10,803 --> 01:13:15,057
Thin and fragile,
soil is made by living matter.

671
01:13:15,141 --> 01:13:17,893
With erosion, the fine layer of humus,

672
01:13:17,977 --> 01:13:21,980
which took thousands of years
to form, disappears.

673
01:14:07,401 --> 01:14:10,570
Here's one theory
of the story of the Rapa Nui,

674
01:14:10,655 --> 01:14:12,739
the inhabitants of Easter Island,

675
01:14:12,824 --> 01:14:15,325
that could perhaps
give us pause for thought.

676
01:14:16,661 --> 01:14:19,788
Living on the most isolated
island in the world,

677
01:14:19,872 --> 01:14:22,415
the Rapa Nui exploited
their resources...

678
01:14:22,500 --> 01:14:24,751
until there was nothing left.

679
01:14:24,836 --> 01:14:28,713
Their civilization did not survive.

680
01:14:28,798 --> 01:14:32,592
On these lands stood
the highest palm trees in the world.

681
01:14:32,677 --> 01:14:34,636
They have disappeared.

682
01:14:34,720 --> 01:14:37,639
The Rapa Nui chopped them
all down for lumber.

683
01:14:37,723 --> 01:14:40,559
They then had to face
widespread soil erosion.

684
01:14:41,894 --> 01:14:44,271
The Rapa Nui could
no longer go fishing.

685
01:14:44,355 --> 01:14:47,607
There were no trees to build canoes.

686
01:14:47,692 --> 01:14:52,612
And yet the Rapa Nui formed one of
the most brilliant civilizations in the Pacific.

687
01:14:52,697 --> 01:14:56,783
Innovative farmers, sculptors,
exceptional navigators,

688
01:14:56,868 --> 01:15:01,288
they were caught in a vise of
overpopulation and dwindling resources.

689
01:15:04,292 --> 01:15:08,837
They experienced social unrest,
revolts and famine.

690
01:15:08,921 --> 01:15:11,631
Many did not survive the cataclysm.

691
01:16:00,681 --> 01:16:05,644
The real mystery of Easter Island
is not how its strange statues got there.

692
01:16:05,728 --> 01:16:07,646
We know now.

693
01:16:07,730 --> 01:16:11,107
It's why the Rapa Nui
didn't react in time.

694
01:16:17,990 --> 01:16:20,617
It's only one of a number of theories,

695
01:16:20,701 --> 01:16:23,328
but it has particular
relevance to us today.

696
01:16:24,956 --> 01:16:30,001
Since 1950, the world's
population has almost tripled.

697
01:16:30,086 --> 01:16:35,423
And since 1950, we have more fundamentally
altered our island, the Earth,

698
01:16:35,508 --> 01:16:39,678
than in all of our
200,000-year history.

699
01:16:43,724 --> 01:16:47,602
Nigeria is the biggest
oil exporter in Africa,

700
01:16:47,687 --> 01:16:52,732
and yet 70% of the population
lives under the poverty line.

701
01:16:52,817 --> 01:16:58,321
The wealth is there, but the country's
inhabitants don't have access to it.

702
01:16:58,406 --> 01:17:00,907
The same is true all over the globe.

703
01:17:00,992 --> 01:17:05,203
Half the world's poor
live in resource-rich countries.

704
01:17:21,554 --> 01:17:25,890
Our mode of development
has not fulfilled its promises.

705
01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:29,644
In 50 years, the gap
between rich and poor...

706
01:17:29,729 --> 01:17:32,397
has grown wider than ever.

707
01:17:32,481 --> 01:17:35,066
Today, half the world's wealth...

708
01:17:35,151 --> 01:17:39,821
is in the hands of the richest
two percent of the population.

709
01:17:43,492 --> 01:17:45,660
Can such disparities be maintained?

710
01:17:46,829 --> 01:17:48,913
They're the cause
of population movements...

711
01:17:48,998 --> 01:17:52,667
whose scale we have yet
to fully realize.

712
01:17:52,752 --> 01:17:58,423
The city of Lagos had a population
of 700,000 in 1960.

713
01:17:58,507 --> 01:18:02,761
That will rise to 16 million by 2025.

714
01:18:07,767 --> 01:18:11,853
Lagos is one of the fastest-growing
megalopolises in the world.

715
01:18:11,937 --> 01:18:15,523
The new arrivals are mostly
farmers forced off the land...

716
01:18:15,608 --> 01:18:18,193
for economic or demographic reasons,

717
01:18:18,277 --> 01:18:21,071
or because of diminishing resources.

718
01:18:27,244 --> 01:18:29,621
This is a radically new
type of urban growth,

719
01:18:29,705 --> 01:18:34,125
driven by the urge to survive
rather than to prosper.

720
01:18:37,630 --> 01:18:40,465
Every week, over a million people...

721
01:18:40,549 --> 01:18:43,718
swell the populations
of the world's cities.

722
01:19:01,278 --> 01:19:04,531
One human being in six
now lives in a precarious,

723
01:19:04,615 --> 01:19:07,200
unhealthy, overpopulated environment,

724
01:19:07,284 --> 01:19:09,369
without access to daily necessities...

725
01:19:09,453 --> 01:19:12,622
such as water,
sanitation or electricity.

726
01:19:44,071 --> 01:19:46,239
Hunger is spreading once more.

727
01:19:46,323 --> 01:19:48,616
It affects nearly one billion people.

728
01:20:33,871 --> 01:20:38,249
All over the planet, the poorest
scrabble to survive on scraps,

729
01:20:38,334 --> 01:20:42,212
while we continue to dig for resources
that we can no longer live without.

730
01:20:43,714 --> 01:20:45,798
We look farther and farther afield,

731
01:20:45,883 --> 01:20:48,426
in previously unspoilt territory...

732
01:20:48,511 --> 01:20:52,722
and in regions that are
increasingly difficult to exploit.

733
01:21:01,774 --> 01:21:03,733
We're not changing our model.

734
01:21:04,902 --> 01:21:07,570
Oil might run out?

735
01:21:07,655 --> 01:21:12,283
We can still extract oil
from the tar sands of Canada.

736
01:21:12,368 --> 01:21:16,579
The biggest trucks in the world
move thousands of tons of sand.

737
01:21:16,664 --> 01:21:19,123
The process of heating
and separating bitumen...

738
01:21:19,208 --> 01:21:23,336
from the sand requires
millions of cubic meters of water.

739
01:21:24,797 --> 01:21:27,757
Colossal amounts of energy are needed.

740
01:21:27,841 --> 01:21:30,593
The pollution is catastrophic.

741
01:21:32,846 --> 01:21:35,139
The most urgent priority, apparently,

742
01:21:35,224 --> 01:21:38,309
is to pick every pocket of sunlight.

743
01:22:13,679 --> 01:22:16,848
Our oil tankers are getting
bigger and bigger.

744
01:22:16,932 --> 01:22:20,059
Our energy requirements
are constantly increasing.

745
01:22:20,144 --> 01:22:23,313
We try to power growth
like a bottomless oven...

746
01:22:23,397 --> 01:22:26,149
that demands more and more fuel.

747
01:22:43,042 --> 01:22:44,959
It's all about carbon.

748
01:22:45,044 --> 01:22:48,963
In a few decades, the carbon
that made our atmosphere a furnace,

749
01:22:49,048 --> 01:22:52,175
and that nature captured
over millions of years,

750
01:22:52,259 --> 01:22:54,177
allowing life to develop,

751
01:22:54,261 --> 01:22:56,888
will have largely been
pumped back out.

752
01:22:56,972 --> 01:22:59,515
The atmosphere is heating up.

753
01:23:01,435 --> 01:23:05,897
It would have been inconceivable
for a boat to be here just a few years ago.

754
01:23:09,318 --> 01:23:14,072
Transport, industry,
deforestation, agriculture-

755
01:23:14,156 --> 01:23:18,868
Our activities release gigantic
quantities of carbon dioxide.

756
01:23:18,952 --> 01:23:22,497
Without realizing it,
molecule by molecule,

757
01:23:22,581 --> 01:23:26,084
we have upset the Earth's
climatic balance.

758
01:23:31,131 --> 01:23:33,132
All eyes are on the poles,

759
01:23:34,426 --> 01:23:38,513
where the effects of
global warming are most visible.

760
01:23:38,597 --> 01:23:42,934
It's happening fast- very fast.

761
01:23:43,018 --> 01:23:46,604
The Northwest Passage that connects
America, Europe and Asia...

762
01:23:46,689 --> 01:23:49,190
via the pole is opening up.

763
01:23:49,274 --> 01:23:52,110
The Arctic ice cap is melting.

764
01:23:57,366 --> 01:23:59,534
Under the effect of global warming,

765
01:23:59,618 --> 01:24:04,872
the ice cap has lost 40%
of its thickness in 40 years.

766
01:24:04,957 --> 01:24:09,210
Its surface area in the summer
shrinks year by year.

767
01:24:09,294 --> 01:24:12,547
It could disappear before 2030.

768
01:24:12,631 --> 01:24:15,883
Some predictions suggest 2015.

769
01:24:15,968 --> 01:24:20,471
Soon these waters will be free of ice
several summer months a year.

770
01:24:35,654 --> 01:24:39,240
The sunbeams that the ice sheet
previously reflected back...

771
01:24:39,324 --> 01:24:42,410
now penetrate the dark water,
heating it up.

772
01:24:42,494 --> 01:24:45,329
The warming process gathers pace.

773
01:24:54,423 --> 01:24:58,342
This ice contains
the records of our planet.

774
01:24:58,427 --> 01:25:00,845
The concentration of carbon dioxide...

775
01:25:00,929 --> 01:25:04,891
hasn't been so high
for several hundred thousand years.

776
01:25:06,185 --> 01:25:10,646
Humanity has never lived
in an atmosphere like this.

777
01:25:21,992 --> 01:25:27,705
Is excessive exploitation of our
resources threatening the lives of every species?

778
01:25:27,790 --> 01:25:30,958
Climate change accentuates the threat.

779
01:25:31,043 --> 01:25:34,754
By 2050, a quarter
of the Earth's species...

780
01:25:34,838 --> 01:25:38,424
could be threatened with extinction.

781
01:25:38,509 --> 01:25:43,679
In these polar regions, the balance of nature
has already been disrupted.

782
01:27:29,661 --> 01:27:33,748
Off the coast of Greenland,
there are more and more icebergs.

783
01:28:00,400 --> 01:28:02,860
Around the North Pole,
the ice cap has lost...

784
01:28:02,945 --> 01:28:06,781
30% of its surface area in 30 years.

785
01:28:09,868 --> 01:28:12,370
But as Greenland
rapidly becomes warmer,

786
01:28:12,454 --> 01:28:14,622
the freshwater of a whole continent...

787
01:28:14,706 --> 01:28:18,918
flows into the salt water
of the oceans.

788
01:28:19,002 --> 01:28:24,215
Greenland's ice contains 20%
of the freshwater of the whole planet.

789
01:28:24,299 --> 01:28:28,803
If it melts, sea levels will
rise by nearly seven meters.

790
01:29:02,087 --> 01:29:04,422
But there is no industry here.

791
01:29:05,757 --> 01:29:08,509
Greenland's ice sheet
suffers from greenhouse gases...

792
01:29:08,593 --> 01:29:11,429
emitted elsewhere on Earth.

793
01:29:11,513 --> 01:29:14,515
Our ecosystem doesn't have borders.

794
01:29:14,599 --> 01:29:19,520
Wherever we are, our actions
have repercussions on the whole Earth.

795
01:29:19,604 --> 01:29:23,524
The atmosphere of our planet
is an indivisible whole.

796
01:29:23,608 --> 01:29:26,444
It is an asset we share.

797
01:29:26,528 --> 01:29:30,906
On Greenland's surface,
lakes are appearing on the landscape.

798
01:29:30,991 --> 01:29:33,200
The ice cap has begun
to melt at a speed...

799
01:29:33,285 --> 01:29:38,122
that even the most pessimistic scientists
did not envision 10 years ago.

800
01:29:47,591 --> 01:29:50,551
More and more
of these glacier-fed rivers...

801
01:29:50,635 --> 01:29:54,597
are merging together
and burrowing through the surface.

802
01:29:54,681 --> 01:29:58,726
It was thought the water would freeze
in the depths of the ice.

803
01:29:58,810 --> 01:30:01,854
On the contrary,
it flows under the ice,

804
01:30:01,938 --> 01:30:03,898
carrying the ice sheet into the sea,

805
01:30:03,982 --> 01:30:05,941
where it breaks into icebergs.

806
01:30:48,693 --> 01:30:50,945
As the freshwater
of Greenland's ice sheet...

807
01:30:51,029 --> 01:30:54,115
gradually seeps into
the salt water of the oceans,

808
01:30:54,199 --> 01:30:57,868
low-lying lands
around the globe are threatened.

809
01:31:07,129 --> 01:31:09,505
Sea levels are rising.

810
01:31:09,589 --> 01:31:12,591
Water expanding
as it gets warmer caused,

811
01:31:12,676 --> 01:31:17,138
in the 20th century alone,
a rise of 20 centimeters.

812
01:31:17,222 --> 01:31:20,432
Everything becomes unstable.

813
01:31:20,517 --> 01:31:24,103
Coral reefs, for example,
are extremely sensitive...

814
01:31:24,187 --> 01:31:26,605
to the slightest change
in water temperature.

815
01:31:26,690 --> 01:31:29,108
Thirty percent have disappeared.

816
01:31:29,192 --> 01:31:32,361
They are an essential link
in the chain of species.

817
01:31:47,836 --> 01:31:52,464
In the atmosphere, the major wind
streams are changing direction.

818
01:31:52,549 --> 01:31:54,842
Rain cycles are altered.

819
01:31:54,926 --> 01:31:58,554
The geography of climates is modified.

820
01:31:58,638 --> 01:32:01,682
The inhabitants of low-lying
islands here in the Maldives,

821
01:32:01,766 --> 01:32:03,684
for example, are on the front line.

822
01:32:03,768 --> 01:32:06,228
They are increasingly concerned.

823
01:32:06,313 --> 01:32:09,231
Some are already looking
for new, more hospitable lands.

824
01:32:16,281 --> 01:32:20,201
If sea levels continue
to rise faster and faster,

825
01:32:20,285 --> 01:32:22,411
what will major cities like Tokyo,

826
01:32:22,495 --> 01:32:25,581
the world's most populous city, do?

827
01:32:25,665 --> 01:32:29,710
Every year, scientists' predictions
become more and more alarming.

828
01:32:29,794 --> 01:32:34,924
Seventy percent of the world's
population lives on coastal plains.

829
01:32:35,008 --> 01:32:41,180
Eleven of the 15 biggest cities
stand on a coastline or river estuary.

830
01:32:41,264 --> 01:32:44,391
As the seas rise,
salt will invade the water table,

831
01:32:44,476 --> 01:32:47,645
depriving inhabitants
of drinking water.

832
01:33:02,327 --> 01:33:04,912
Migratory phenomena are inevitable.

833
01:33:04,996 --> 01:33:08,332
The only uncertainty
concerns their scale.

834
01:33:36,403 --> 01:33:41,156
In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro
is unrecognizable.

835
01:33:41,241 --> 01:33:44,159
Eighty percent of its
glaciers have disappeared.

836
01:33:44,244 --> 01:33:46,954
In summer, the rivers no longer flow.

837
01:33:47,038 --> 01:33:50,040
Local peoples are affected
by the lack of water.

838
01:33:51,710 --> 01:33:55,587
Even on the world's highest peaks,
in the heart of the Himalayas,

839
01:33:55,672 --> 01:33:58,299
eternal snows and glaciers
are receding.

840
01:34:02,470 --> 01:34:06,348
Yet these glaciers play
an essential role in the water cycle.

841
01:34:06,433 --> 01:34:09,351
They trap the water
from the monsoons as ice...

842
01:34:09,436 --> 01:34:12,604
and release it in the summer
when the snow melts.

843
01:34:23,992 --> 01:34:28,412
The glaciers of the Himalayas are the source
of all the great Asian rivers-

844
01:34:28,496 --> 01:34:32,750
the Indus, Ganges,
Mekong, Yangtze Kiang.

845
01:34:32,834 --> 01:34:36,754
Two billion people
depend on them for drinking water...

846
01:34:36,838 --> 01:34:40,466
and to irrigate their crops,
as in Bangladesh.

847
01:34:45,555 --> 01:34:48,849
On the delta of the Ganges
and Brahmaputra,

848
01:34:48,933 --> 01:34:52,061
Bangladesh is directly
affected by the phenomena...

849
01:34:52,145 --> 01:34:55,272
occurring in the Himalayas
and at sea level.

850
01:34:55,357 --> 01:34:59,276
This is one of the most populous
and poorest countries in the world.

851
01:34:59,361 --> 01:35:01,570
It is already hit by global warming.

852
01:35:01,654 --> 01:35:06,492
The combined impact of increasingly
dramatic floods and hurricanes...

853
01:35:06,576 --> 01:35:09,411
could make a third
of its landmass disappear.

854
01:35:09,496 --> 01:35:13,082
When populations are subjected
to these devastating phenomena,

855
01:35:13,166 --> 01:35:15,459
they eventually move away.

856
01:35:22,133 --> 01:35:24,468
Wealthy countries will not be spared.

857
01:35:24,552 --> 01:35:27,554
Droughts are occurring
all over the planet.

858
01:35:27,639 --> 01:35:31,975
In Australia,
half of farmland is already affected.

859
01:36:17,063 --> 01:36:21,233
We are in the process
of compromising the climatic balance...

860
01:36:21,317 --> 01:36:25,654
that has allowed us
to develop over 12,000 years.

861
01:36:35,540 --> 01:36:39,751
More and more wildfires
encroach on major cities.

862
01:36:39,836 --> 01:36:43,255
In turn, they exacerbate
global warming.

863
01:36:43,339 --> 01:36:47,551
As the trees burn,
they release carbon dioxide.

864
01:36:47,635 --> 01:36:52,473
The system that controls our climate
has been severely disrupted.

865
01:36:52,557 --> 01:36:56,727
The elements on which it relies
have been disrupted.

866
01:37:52,450 --> 01:37:57,329
The clock of climate change is ticking
in these magnificent landscapes.

867
01:37:58,790 --> 01:38:02,459
Here in Siberia
and elsewhere across the globe,

868
01:38:02,544 --> 01:38:06,755
it is so cold that the ground
is constantly frozen.

869
01:38:06,839 --> 01:38:09,174
It's known as permafrost.

870
01:38:23,273 --> 01:38:27,901
Under its surface lies
a climatic time bomb: methane,

871
01:38:27,986 --> 01:38:33,240
a greenhouse gas 20 times
more powerful than carbon dioxide.

872
01:38:33,324 --> 01:38:36,034
If the permafrost melts,
the methane released...

873
01:38:36,119 --> 01:38:39,830
would cause the greenhouse effect
to race out of control,

874
01:38:39,914 --> 01:38:42,749
with consequences no one can predict.

875
01:38:42,834 --> 01:38:46,670
We would literally be
in unknown territory.

876
01:39:09,068 --> 01:39:13,113
Humanity has no more than 10 years
to reverse the trend...

877
01:39:13,197 --> 01:39:16,199
and avoid crossing
into this territory—

878
01:39:16,284 --> 01:39:18,619
life on Earth
as we have never known it.

879
01:39:51,235 --> 01:39:54,988
We have created phenomena
we cannot control.

880
01:39:55,073 --> 01:40:01,411
Since our origins, water, air
and forms of life are intimately linked.

881
01:40:01,496 --> 01:40:05,832
But recently,
we have broken those links.

882
01:40:05,917 --> 01:40:08,418
Let's face the facts.

883
01:40:08,503 --> 01:40:11,588
We must believe what we know.

884
01:40:11,673 --> 01:40:16,843
All that we have just seen
is a reflection of human behavior.

885
01:40:16,928 --> 01:40:20,764
We have shaped the Earth in our image.

886
01:40:20,848 --> 01:40:24,184
We have very little time to change.

887
01:40:24,268 --> 01:40:28,772
How can this century carry the burden
of nine billion human beings...

888
01:40:28,856 --> 01:40:31,775
if we refuse to be called
to account...

889
01:40:31,859 --> 01:40:34,695
for everything we alone have done?

890
01:40:36,739 --> 01:40:44,287
20% of the world's population consumes
80% of its resources

891
01:41:02,265 --> 01:41:11,273
The world spends
12 times more on military expenditures
than on aid to developing countries

892
01:41:22,076 --> 01:41:27,247
5,000 people a day die
because of dirty drinking water

893
01:41:27,331 --> 01:41:32,502
1 billion people
have no access to safe drinking water

894
01:41:41,846 --> 01:41:48,560
Nearly 1 billion people are going hungry

895
01:42:00,448 --> 01:42:12,375
Over 50% of grain
traded around the world
is used for animal feed or biofuels

896
01:42:23,221 --> 01:42:30,727
40% of arable land
has suffered long-term damage

897
01:42:41,030 --> 01:42:48,328
Every year,
13 millions hectares of forest disappear

898
01:42:57,797 --> 01:43:04,678
One mammal in 4, one bird in 8,
one amphibian in 3 are threatened with extinction

899
01:43:04,762 --> 01:43:10,976
Species are dying out at a rhythm
1,000 times faster than the natural rate

900
01:43:19,318 --> 01:43:28,326
Three quarters of fishing grounds
are exhausted, depleted or in dangerous decline

901
01:43:36,627 --> 01:43:44,301
The average temperature
of the last 15 years
have been the highest ever recorded

902
01:43:57,273 --> 01:44:04,237
The ice cap is 40% thinner
than 40 years ago

903
01:44:14,707 --> 01:44:24,633
There may be at least 200 million
climate refugees by 2050

904
01:44:31,349 --> 01:44:33,600
The cost of our actions is high.

905
01:44:33,684 --> 01:44:37,437
Others pay the price without
having been actively involved.

906
01:44:37,521 --> 01:44:40,732
I have seen refugee camps
as big as cities,

907
01:44:40,816 --> 01:44:42,943
sprawling in the desert.

908
01:44:43,027 --> 01:44:45,737
How many men, women and children...

909
01:44:45,821 --> 01:44:47,781
will be left by the wayside tomorrow?

910
01:44:51,702 --> 01:44:53,620
Must we always build walls...

911
01:44:53,704 --> 01:44:55,789
to break the chain
of human solidarity,

912
01:44:55,873 --> 01:45:01,795
separate peoples and protect the
happiness of some from the misery of others?

913
01:45:01,879 --> 01:45:04,506
It's too late to be a pessimist.

914
01:45:04,590 --> 01:45:08,218
I know that a single human
can knock down every wall.

915
01:45:08,302 --> 01:45:10,887
It's too late to be a pessimist.

916
01:45:10,972 --> 01:45:15,225
Worldwide, four children
out of five attend school.

917
01:45:15,309 --> 01:45:18,478
Never has learning been given
to so many human beings.

918
01:45:18,562 --> 01:45:23,066
Everyone, from richest to poorest,
can make a contribution.

919
01:45:23,150 --> 01:45:25,902
Lesotho, one of the world's
poorest countries,

920
01:45:25,987 --> 01:45:30,740
is proportionally the one that invests
most in its people's education.

921
01:45:30,825 --> 01:45:33,410
Qatar, one of the world's
richest states,

922
01:45:33,494 --> 01:45:36,413
has opened its doors
to the best universities.

923
01:45:36,497 --> 01:45:42,252
Culture, education, research and innovation
are inexhaustible resources.

924
01:45:42,336 --> 01:45:45,046
In the face of misery and suffering,

925
01:45:45,131 --> 01:45:48,758
millions of N.G.O.'s prove
that solidarity between peoples...

926
01:45:48,843 --> 01:45:52,137
is stronger than
the selfishness of nations.

927
01:45:52,221 --> 01:45:55,306
In Bangladesh, a man
thought the unthinkable...

928
01:45:55,391 --> 01:45:58,435
and founded a bank
that lends only to the poor.

929
01:45:58,519 --> 01:46:01,271
In barely 30 years,
it has changed the lives...

930
01:46:01,355 --> 01:46:04,983
of 150 million people
around the world.

931
01:46:06,944 --> 01:46:10,530
Antarctica is a continent
with immense natural resources...

932
01:46:10,614 --> 01:46:12,949
that no country can claim for itself,

933
01:46:13,034 --> 01:46:16,703
a natural reserve devoted
to peace and science.

934
01:46:16,787 --> 01:46:21,750
A treaty signed by 49 states has made
it a treasureshared by all humanity.

935
01:46:22,960 --> 01:46:24,878
It's too late to be a pessimist.

936
01:46:24,962 --> 01:46:29,799
Governments have acted to protect nearly
two percent of the world's territorial waters.

937
01:46:29,884 --> 01:46:32,844
It's not much, but it's two times
more than 10 years ago.

938
01:46:32,928 --> 01:46:37,348
The first natural parks were created
just over a century ago.

939
01:46:37,433 --> 01:46:40,560
They cover over 13% of the continents.

940
01:46:40,644 --> 01:46:43,313
They create spaces where
human activity is in step...

941
01:46:43,397 --> 01:46:47,567
with the preservation
of species, soils and landscapes.

942
01:46:47,651 --> 01:46:52,072
This harmony between humans
and nature can become the rule,

943
01:46:52,156 --> 01:46:54,074
no longer the exception.

944
01:46:54,158 --> 01:46:58,244
In the United States, New York has
realized that nature does for us.

945
01:46:58,329 --> 01:47:02,332
These forests and lakes supply
all the drinking water the city needs.

946
01:47:07,171 --> 01:47:11,216
In South Korea, the forests
have been devastated by war.

947
01:47:11,300 --> 01:47:14,219
Thanks to a national
reforestation program,

948
01:47:14,303 --> 01:47:17,388
they once more
cover 65% of the country.

949
01:47:17,473 --> 01:47:21,601
More than 75% of paper is recycled.

950
01:47:21,685 --> 01:47:26,981
Costa Rica has made a choice between military
spending and the conservation of its lands.

951
01:47:27,066 --> 01:47:28,983
The country no longer has an army.

952
01:47:29,068 --> 01:47:32,403
It prefers to devote its resources
to education, ecotourism...

953
01:47:32,488 --> 01:47:35,406
and the protection
of its primary forest.

954
01:47:35,491 --> 01:47:38,576
Gabon is one of the world's
leading producers of wood.

955
01:47:38,661 --> 01:47:40,912
It enforces selective logging—

956
01:47:40,996 --> 01:47:43,581
not more than one tree every hectare.

957
01:47:43,666 --> 01:47:47,252
Its forests are one of the country's
most important economic resources,

958
01:47:47,336 --> 01:47:50,130
but they have the time to regenerate.

959
01:47:50,214 --> 01:47:54,592
Programs exist that guarantee
sustainable forest management.

960
01:47:54,677 --> 01:47:57,011
They must become mandatory.

961
01:48:01,016 --> 01:48:03,101
For consumers and producers,

962
01:48:03,185 --> 01:48:05,854
justice is an opportunity
to be seized.

963
01:48:05,938 --> 01:48:09,607
When trade is fair,
when both buyer and seller benefit,

964
01:48:09,692 --> 01:48:12,569
everybody can prosper
and earn a decent living.

965
01:48:20,035 --> 01:48:22,078
How can there be justice and equity...

966
01:48:22,163 --> 01:48:25,165
between people whose only tools
are their hands...

967
01:48:25,249 --> 01:48:29,919
and those who harvest their crops
with a machine and state subsidies?

968
01:48:36,427 --> 01:48:38,887
Let's be responsible consumers.

969
01:48:38,971 --> 01:48:41,139
Think about what we buy.

970
01:48:42,975 --> 01:48:45,727
It's too late to be a pessimist.

971
01:48:45,811 --> 01:48:48,146
I have seen agriculture
on a human scale.

972
01:48:48,230 --> 01:48:53,276
It can feed the whole planet if meat production
doesn't take the food out of people's mouths.

973
01:48:53,360 --> 01:48:57,363
I have seen fishermen
who take care what they catch...

974
01:48:57,448 --> 01:48:59,908
and care for the riches of the ocean.

975
01:49:01,118 --> 01:49:04,037
I have seen houses
producing their own energy.

976
01:49:04,121 --> 01:49:08,208
5,000 people live in the world's
first ever eco-friendly district,

977
01:49:08,292 --> 01:49:10,210
in Freiburg, Germany.

978
01:49:10,294 --> 01:49:12,253
Other cities partner the project.

979
01:49:12,338 --> 01:49:15,506
Mumbai is the thousandth to join them.

980
01:49:18,469 --> 01:49:22,388
The governments of New Zealand,
Iceland, Austria, Sweden...

981
01:49:22,473 --> 01:49:24,724
and other nations
have made the development...

982
01:49:24,808 --> 01:49:28,102
of renewable energy sources
a top priority.

983
01:49:28,187 --> 01:49:31,898
I know that 80% of the energy
we consume...

984
01:49:31,982 --> 01:49:34,234
comes from fossil energy sources.

985
01:49:34,318 --> 01:49:39,572
Every week, two new coal-fired generating
plants are built in China alone.

986
01:49:39,657 --> 01:49:42,242
But I have also seen, in Denmark,

987
01:49:42,326 --> 01:49:44,911
a prototype of a coal-fired plant...

988
01:49:44,995 --> 01:49:48,748
that releases its carbon
into the soil rather than the air.

989
01:49:48,832 --> 01:49:51,459
A solution for the future?
Nobody knows yet.

990
01:49:52,670 --> 01:49:54,587
I have seen, in Iceland,

991
01:49:54,672 --> 01:49:59,467
an electricity plant powered
by the Earth's heat— geothermal power.

992
01:49:59,551 --> 01:50:02,595
I have seen a sea snake
lying on the swell...

993
01:50:02,680 --> 01:50:06,849
to absorb the energy of the waves
and produce electricity.

994
01:50:11,021 --> 01:50:13,982
I have seen wind farms
off the coast of Denmark...

995
01:50:14,066 --> 01:50:17,777
that produce 20%
of the country's electricity.

996
01:50:17,861 --> 01:50:21,823
The U.S.A., China, India,
Germany and Spain...

997
01:50:21,907 --> 01:50:25,118
are the biggest investors
in renewable energy.

998
01:50:25,202 --> 01:50:29,038
They have already created over
two and a half million jobs.

999
01:50:29,123 --> 01:50:32,542
Where on Earth doesn't the wind blow?

1000
01:50:34,086 --> 01:50:39,465
I have seen desert expanses
baking in the sun.

1001
01:50:39,550 --> 01:50:41,634
Everything on Earth is linked,

1002
01:50:41,719 --> 01:50:46,139
and the Earth is linked to the sun,
its original energy source.

1003
01:50:46,223 --> 01:50:50,018
Can humans not imitate plants
and capture its energy?

1004
01:50:50,102 --> 01:50:53,187
In one hour,
the sun gives the Earth...

1005
01:50:53,272 --> 01:50:58,818
the same amount of energy as that
consumed by all humanity in one year.

1006
01:50:58,902 --> 01:51:03,740
As long as the Earth exists,
the sun's energy will be inexhaustible.

1007
01:51:03,824 --> 01:51:08,328
All we have to do is stop drilling
the Earth and start looking to the sky.

1008
01:51:08,412 --> 01:51:11,748
All we have to do
is learn to cultivate the sun.

1009
01:51:11,832 --> 01:51:17,378
All these experiments are only examples,
but they testify to a new awareness.

1010
01:51:17,463 --> 01:51:20,923
They lay down markers
for a new human adventure...

1011
01:51:21,008 --> 01:51:25,261
based on moderation,
intelligence and sharing.

1012
01:51:41,028 --> 01:51:43,780
It's time to come together.

1013
01:51:43,864 --> 01:51:49,285
What's important is not what's gone,
but what remains.

1014
01:51:49,370 --> 01:51:52,288
We still have
half the world's forests,

1015
01:51:52,373 --> 01:51:54,957
thousands of rivers,
lakes and glaciers...

1016
01:51:55,042 --> 01:51:57,126
and thousands of thriving species.

1017
01:52:01,757 --> 01:52:05,551
We know that the solutions
are there today.

1018
01:52:05,636 --> 01:52:08,137
We all have the power to change.

1019
01:52:10,140 --> 01:52:12,809
So what are we waiting for?

1020
01:53:28,427 --> 01:53:34,098
It's up to us to write
what happens next

1021
01:53:34,808 --> 01:53:39,353
Together

1022
01:53:44,485 --> 01:53:49,197
South Africa

1023
01:53:49,448 --> 01:53:54,577
Alaska

1024
01:53:54,995 --> 01:53:59,081
Saudi Arabia

1025
01:53:59,374 --> 01:54:03,711
Antarctica

1026
01:54:04,087 --> 01:54:07,882
Argentina

1027
01:54:08,509 --> 01:54:12,053
Arctic

1028
01:54:12,471 --> 01:54:16,432
Australia

1029
01:54:16,934 --> 01:54:20,311
Bangladesh

1030
01:54:20,812 --> 01:54:24,273
Botswana

1031
01:54:24,608 --> 01:54:28,611
Brazil

1032
01:54:28,946 --> 01:54:33,074
Canada

1033
01:54:33,534 --> 01:54:38,496
Chile

1034
01:54:38,872 --> 01:54:42,667
Haiti

1035
01:54:43,085 --> 01:54:47,088
Denmark

1036
01:54:47,464 --> 01:54:52,134
China

1037
01:54:52,511 --> 01:54:56,639
South Korea

1038
01:54:57,057 --> 01:55:01,143
United Arab Emirates

1039
01:55:01,603 --> 01:55:05,606
Costa Rica

1040
01:55:06,024 --> 01:55:09,318
Spain

1041
01:55:09,820 --> 01:55:17,785
France

1042
01:55:18,161 --> 01:55:21,956
Gabon

1043
01:55:22,374 --> 01:55:26,711
Greece

1044
01:55:27,170 --> 01:55:31,173
Greenland

1045
01:55:31,592 --> 01:55:35,553
Mauritius

1046
01:55:36,013 --> 01:55:40,016
Dominican Republic

1047
01:55:40,392 --> 01:55:43,978
India

1048
01:55:44,438 --> 01:55:48,482
Indonesia

1049
01:55:48,859 --> 01:55:52,653
Iceland

1050
01:55:53,071 --> 01:55:57,325
Israel

1051
01:55:57,659 --> 01:56:01,495
Japan

1052
01:56:01,955 --> 01:56:05,583
Jordan

1053
01:56:06,168 --> 01:56:10,046
Kazakhstan

1054
01:56:10,422 --> 01:56:13,507
Kenya

1055
01:56:13,884 --> 01:56:18,179
Madagascar

1056
01:56:18,555 --> 01:56:22,600
Maldives

1057
01:56:23,060 --> 01:56:26,395
Morocco

1058
01:56:26,897 --> 01:56:31,359
Mali

1059
01:56:31,777 --> 01:56:35,946
Mauritania

1060
01:56:36,365 --> 01:56:41,035
Gibraltar

1061
01:56:41,453 --> 01:56:45,748
Nepal

1062
01:56:46,249 --> 01:56:49,919
Nigeria

1063
01:56:50,337 --> 01:56:53,756
Norway

1064
01:56:54,174 --> 01:56:58,427
New Zealand

1065
01:56:58,804 --> 01:57:02,431
Netherlands

1066
01:57:02,766 --> 01:57:06,268
Qatar

1067
01:57:06,687 --> 01:57:10,898
Russia

1068
01:57:11,316 --> 01:57:15,277
Chad

1069
01:57:15,737 --> 01:57:19,448
Siberia

1070
01:57:19,866 --> 01:57:24,662
Swaziland

1071
01:57:25,122 --> 01:57:29,792
Senegal

1072
01:57:30,085 --> 01:57:34,255
Thailand

1073
01:57:34,631 --> 01:57:38,467
Tanzania

1074
01:57:38,885 --> 01:57:42,638
Ukraine

1075
01:57:43,014 --> 01:57:47,309
USA

1076
01:57:47,728 --> 01:57:56,986
Burkina Faso

1077
01:57:58,155 --> 01:58:03,659
get involved and join us on
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1078
01:58:04,327 --> 01:58:06,412
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1079
01:58:06,496 --> 01:58:09,081
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