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Have you noticed
that the source code

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for all of the libraries

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we've discussed is openly
available to the public?

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Publicly available
software is often known

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as open-source software, or OSS.

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Specifically, open-source
software is software

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whose creator release
the source code

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under an open-source license,

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thereby granting anyone
the right to access,

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modify, and distribute
the software.

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The open source initiative,

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OSI defines open-source software

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as software that can
be freely accessed,

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used, changed, and shared in

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modified or unmodified
form by anyone.

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You can find
the full criteria for

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open-source software
on the OSI website.

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The first three stipulations
are the core of OSS.

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That is, that the software
is available without charge,

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the source code is
public and accessible,

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and that this license
whatever it is,

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is to be adhered to by
all derivative works.

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Open-source development
was pioneered by

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computer scientist
Eric Raymond in

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his landmark 1997 essay,

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"The Cathedral and the Bazaar".

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It's well regarded as a
software development technique,

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as it lowers consumer cost

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and increases code flexibility,

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security, and accountability due

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to its community source nature,

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and there's
good business sense to

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using open-source software tool.

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According to a 2008 study,

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OSS saves consumers
$60 billion annually,

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and much open-source software
allows companies to build

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on top of it lowering
infrastructure costs.

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There are different types
of open-source licenses.

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The field can be a
bit confusing to

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understand especially
for businesses.

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For example, the Apache License
allows the linking of

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Apache License code with
differently license code.

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As a developer, you may find

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such a license feature useful
if you want to include

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a closed-source library or

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proprietary library in
your open-source project.

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On the other hand, under
the GNU Public License,

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or GPL, one can link only other
GPL compatible libraries.

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You may find this license
feature desirable if

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your Open Source
project is composed

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of entirely open-source code,

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and you wish to ensure that
this always be the case,

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regardless of who in
the future uses your code.

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The GPL is probably the
most well-known and

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perhaps common open-source
software license,

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and part due to its viral nature,

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which requires
all link to software

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to also be GPL licensed.

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One of my favorite licenses to

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use and a license I love to see

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use and libraries that I use
is called the BSD license.

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It was originally put together by

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the University of California,

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Berkeley for the release of
the BSD operating system.

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Here's an example
of the BSD license.

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As we can see, it's very
short and to the point,

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maintains just a minimal
amount of legalese.

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The issues surrounding
the features of

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free and open-source
licenses quickly

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become political
and philosophical.

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The choice of license often

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depends on the project
that you have in mind.

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If you're interested
in understanding

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open source licenses
in more detail,

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I would encourage
you to check out

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the Wikipedia article
on the topic,

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and we'll have that
linked in the course.

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For the rest of the lectures
in this module,

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we're going to use two projects
the tesseract project,

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which is now ran by Google
and the Pytesseract bindings,

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which allows us to use

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the tesseract system
from within Python.

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If we look at the source code
repository for tesseract,

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we see that it's license is

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released under
the Apache License.

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This means that we can use
tesseract in any of the code

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we produce and keep
it licensed, however,

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we want, even
commercially licensed

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for instance unless we
change tesseract itself.

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However, when we look at
the Pytesseract license,

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we see it is released
under the GPL.

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That means by importing
this library into your own code.

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If we share it with others,

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we must also license
our code under the GPL.

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This is the viral clause,

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and depending on the project
I were working on,

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I would have to consider
this very carefully.

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However, for this course
that's no problem since

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I really do want to share it
with you and others broadly.

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So, let's dig in,

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and let's start using tesseract.